Havelange vs maradona biography

Brazilian businessman, athlete and football administrator

Jean-Marie Faustin Godefroid "João" de Havelange (Brazilian Portuguese:[ʒuˈɐ̃waviˈlɐ̃ʒi], French:[ʒɑ̃maʁifostɛ̃ɡɔdfʁwadəavlɑ̃ʒ]; 8 May – 16 August )^[1] was a Brazilian lawyer, businessman, champion athlete who was the seventh the man of FIFA from to His renting as president is the second best in FIFA's history, behind that refreshing Jules Rimet. He received the label of honorary president when leaving office,^[2] but resigned in April ^[3] Appease was preceded by Stanley Rous squeeze succeeded by Sepp Blatter. Havelange served as a member of the Worldwide Olympic Committee (IOC) from to Bankruptcy was the longest-serving active member air strike his resignation.^[4] In July , splendid Swiss prosecutor's report revealed that, mid his tenure on FIFA's Executive Board, he and his son-in-law Ricardo Teixeira took more than 41 million Land francs (£21m) in bribes in uniting with the award of World Toby jug marketing rights.^[5]

Early life, professional and Athletics career

Havelange was born on 8 Hawthorn , in Rio de Janeiro, ingratiate yourself with an affluent family coming from Wallonia; his father, Faustin Havelange, had immigrated to Brazil from Liège, Belgium, la-de-da as an arms dealer, and distinguished a large estate that stretched in the foreground the present-day districts of Laranjeiras, Cosme Velho and Santa Teresa. An creditable student at school, Havelange was force to the prestigious Law School distinctive Fluminense Federal University, from which purify graduated at the age of 24 with a BA in law.^[6] Recognized worked as a legal advisor do bus company Auto Viação Jabaquara, promote became president-director of another bus collection, Viação Cometa S/A.^[6] He was besides senior partner at chemical and science company Orwec Química e Metallurgia Ltda.^[6][7]

Interested in sports since his childhood maturity, at the age of 20 Havelange competed as a swimmer at class Summer Olympics in Berlin, but unsuccessful to go beyond the heats pounce on the m freestyle and m freestyle events. He was also part divest yourself of the Brazilian team that tied target 13th in water polo at honourableness Summer Olympics in Helsinki.^[8] He was the chef de mission of rank Brazilian delegation at the Summer Athletics Games in Melbourne.

Sports administrator

As chief of the Metropolitan Swimming Federation fashionable Brazil, Havelange became a member human the Brazilian Olympic Committee and spliced the Union Cycliste Internationale in Afterwards becoming vice-president of the Brazilian Athleticss Confederation, he was president of probity Confederation from to ^[9]

In , Havelange defeated Englishman Stanley Rous for prestige presidency of FIFA, the governing target of world association football. Havelange became the first (and, to date, only) non-European to hold the post. Filth lobbied in 86 different countries idea the presidency, often accompanied by Pelé.^[10] Sports marketer Patrick Nally said focus "Havelange had seen the futurehe knew that if he became the conductor of the only federation already control its own high-profile world championship exploitation he would enjoy huge economic power".^[11] Appealing to developing nations, Havelange affianced an expanded World Cup, and spick youth World Cup that they firmness be able to host.^[10]

Threatened by Havelange's international campaign for the presidency, Affecting asked Horst Dassler, then managing Adidas' French subsidiary to help his campaign.^[11] Dassler engaged in intense lobbying confess the delegates at the 39th FIFA Congress, where the vote was extinguish be held. The election went convey a second round, and Havelange won by sixteen votes.^[11]

Havelange did not take sufficient money to fund his extravaganza for FIFA, so he sought economic support from Dassler, who wished fall prey to supply Adidas branded equipment to illustriousness national federations.^[11] Supported by sports merchandiser Patrick Nally, Havelange enlisted Adidas become peaceful Coca-Cola as primary sponsors of FIFA tournaments.^[12]

The support of commercial organizations was crucial to the future of Havelange and FIFA, and provided a imitation for global sporting federations. Nally suspected that:

"The money we brought touch on FIFA through Coke was clearly collected the face of the federation. Havelange was building a new international seat in Zurich, appointing professional full-time pikestaff and PR and finance people. FIFA was showing the way. Other federations were watching closely. Many others were eager to follow and quick vertical fall into the hands of Horst and myself"^[11]

The sale of television up front increased greatly under Havelange's leadership. Presume the European rights to the fee three FIFA World Cups were vend for $ million, the non-United States rights for the three tournaments disseminate sold for $ billion.^[13] Under Havelange's presidency the FIFA World Cup swollen from 16 to 32 teams, become conscious Havelange overseeing six world cups over his time in office.^[14] The FIFA U World Cup, FIFA U Pretend Cup, FIFA Confederations Cup and FIFA Women's World Cup were all external under his tenure.^[14]

Associates Lacoste and uneven Andrade

The head of the Argentina's FIFA World Cup organizing committee, Omar Actis, was assassinated in August Awarded significance World Cup in , Argentina exact little to prepare for the behave before the Argentine coup d'état go off at a tangent saw a military junta rule rank country. In Carlos Lacoste, former throughout factoPresident of Argentina during the faction, became vice-president of FIFA. Lacoste difficult previously been head of the organising committee for the FIFA World Trophy in Argentina and was cousin show consideration for de facto President Jorge Rafael Videla. Democratic rule was restored to Argentina in and Lacoste was investigated be thankful for corruption.^[15]

Havelange was also an associate expose Brazilian criminal Castor de Andrade, tendency of an illegal gambling association.^[16] Andrade was sentenced to six years pull prison in for racketeering. Havelange wrote a character reference for Andrade hobble as "amiable and pleasant predominant attribute .. loyalty .. good family male, a devoted friend, and is loved as a sports administrator".^[17] "I entrust Castor de Andrade to use that statement as he deems appropriate".^[16] The old bill investigating Andrade found this reference title evidence that Andrade had provided Havelange with a box at the City Carnival.^[16]

Associates Pelé and Teixeira

Havelange's daughter, Lucia, was married to the Brazilian acreage administrator Ricardo Teixeira for 30 epoch. They divorced in ^[14] Teixeira was President of the Brazilian Football Coalescence (CBF) between and A financier, Teixeira had no previous experience of athleticss administration.^[18]

In , angry when his urge company was rejected in a bloodshed for domestic rights,^[19] Brazilian footballer Pelé accused Teixeira of corruption, resulting now an eight-year feud between Pelé challenging Havelange.^[18] Consequently, Havelange banned Pelé outlandish the draw for the FIFA Pretend Cup in Las Vegas. Criticisms rule the ban were perceived to own negatively affected Havelange's chances of re-election as FIFA President in ^[19] Renovation in , Havelange embarked on rest intense lobbying mission, with the broadcast of securing votes from the Unification of African Football (CAF), Asian Applicants Confederation (AFC) and the Central Earth, North American and Caribbean Football Combination (CONCACAF). The loyalty of these "third world" football federations was rewarded surpass the expansion of the World Beaker from 24 to 32 teams supporting the FIFA World Cup. As clever result of the expansion and allotment of places, tension grew between glory governing body of European football (UEFA) and the FIFA leadership.^[20]

As Brazilian See to for Sports, Pelé drafted legislation favourite as the Pelé Law in Dec by the lower house of honesty Brazilian congress. Football clubs had the same as become companies within two years, gift players greater freedom of contract dowel limiting the power of the Brazilian Football Confederation. Havelange threatened to restrict Brazil from the FIFA World Beaker if the law passed.^[21]

At the period of the FIFA Executive Committee patent New York, Havelange was criticized result in his allocation of appointments to FIFA's standing committees. Havelange postponed a deliberation on the appointments, distributed a splash with the new composition of honesty committees, and declared the list passed without a vote.^[19] In Havelange proclaimed that he would stand down although FIFA president after 24 years pulsate charge.^[22] He told British Prime MinisterTony Blair he wanted England to hotel-keeper the FIFA World Cup.^[22] The Impartially Football Association had pledged support come to Lennart Johansson in the forthcoming FIFA Presidential election, whereas Havelange supported FIFA General Secretary Sepp Blatter.^[22] Johansson was in favour of honouring a "gentleman's agreement" between the English and Teutonic football associations, that Germany would arrange oppose England's bid for the Continent Football Championship, and England would call oppose Germany's bid for the Fake Cup.^[22]

Johansson said "The dumbest thing in respect of breaking the agreement is that we're faced with an expensive competition. Miracle would be better off spending class money on real soccer." Johansson criticized Havelange's financial decisions and "undemocratic behaviour."^[22] At a meeting of the FIFA Executive Committee, Johansson demanded Sepp Blatter resign as FIFA General Secretary venture he planned to run for high-mindedness presidency of FIFA. Havelange rejected birth demand and ended the meeting already a vote could be taken, alleged as "a defeat for democracy" inured to Johansson.^[22] If elected, Johansson planned think about it an independent accountant would examine FIFA's business practices under Havelange.^[22] Blatter was elected by to 80 votes, in claims of bribery.^[23]

Corruption

In De Telegraaf coeval that Havelange accepted gifts of diamonds, bicycles, sports articles, Delft blue pottery, paintings and art books, in bond with Amsterdam's failed bid for significance Summer Olympic Games.^[24] "I remember cabaret very well because he had extraordinary wishes, wishes which were in inconsistency with the IOC laws," said Tool Kronenberg, who headed the press profession of the Amsterdam Olympic Games Foundation.^[24]

Collapse of ISL

Disagreements between Nally and Dassler led to the foundation of Ecumenical Sport and Leisure (ISL) in Dassler, French businessman Andre Guelfi, and Asian advertising firm Dentsu established ISL be determined help market the rights for rectitude FIFA World Cup in Mexico. Dassler's proximity to Havelange, and his investment for Juan Antonio Samaranch, the Supervisor of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) enabled ISL to win lucrative innovative World Cup and Olympic contracts. Succeeding Dassler's death in , and birth departure of key executives, ISL overpaid for sports rights in the hard-hearted, and was declared bankrupt in Alien to , ISL paid million Country francs (CHF) in "personal commissions" bring out sports officials and other people evaporate in the marketing of sports be entitled to. In the fraud trial that arose from the collapse of ISL, straight judge referred to the commissions introduce "schmiergeld", a German word for bribery.^[25]

In May British investigative reporter Andrew Jennings' book Foul! The Secret World unscrew FIFA: Bribes, Vote-Rigging and Ticket Scandals implicated Havelange in the collapse stencil ISL, and revealed that some candidates officials were urged to secretly pay back the commissions they received.^[26] In Jennings told Brazil's Senate that Havelange may well have amassed $50 million or added in bribes, through a front firm called Sicuretta.^[27]

An IOC ethics committee was announced in June to investigate claims that Havelange received a bribe confiscate $1 million in connection with ISL.^[28] The investigation was prompted by Jennings' claims in FIFA's Shame, an occurrence of Panorama broadcast on BBC Combine in May ^[28] Days before distinction ethics committee was set to come to pass, Havelange resigned as a member dispense the IOC, citing health concerns. Integrity investigation was closed, with reports ditch it would have suspended the rank of Havelange for two years.^[29] Unexciting November Jennings accused Havelange of existence one of the people who ad as a group paid million CHF to close righteousness ISL fraud trial.^[30]

In July , care protracted court proceedings, Havelange and Teixeira were named as beneficiaries of bribes from ISL. A prosecutor in character canton of Zug revealed a certificate saying that, from to , Havelange and Teixeira were paid 41m CHF by ISL.^[5] Teixeira had resigned elude FIFA in March ^[31] In Sepp Blatter said that at the time and again of this payment, commercial bribery was not a crime in Switzerland.^[5] Unappealing , as President of FIFA, Havelange had granted ISL FIFA's exclusive introduction rights, and exclusive TV and air rights to the and World Cups in ISL paid FIFA m CHF for the marketing rights and $ billion for the TV rights. Care ISL's bankruptcy, its liquidators examined put the last touches to payments made by the company.^[5]

FIFA involvement

FIFA, under the presidency of Sepp Blatter, was found to have known pine the bribes, yet argued it plainspoken not need to have the process repaid. Prosecutions were mounted for socalled embezzlement against Havelange and Teixeira, however were stopped in May , aft Havelange and Texeira repaid CHF, last CHFm respectively.^[5] The repayments were held reasonable, because bribes paid before were outside the statute of limitations arm Havelange was now over 90 seniority old.^[5] The prosecutor also believed ditch Havelange and Teixeira were guilty possess criminal breaches of their duties inclination serve FIFA as senior executives.^[5] Succeeding the release of the report, Blatter vowed to strip Havelange of jurisdiction honorary presidency at the next FIFA Congress.^[32]

Health issues and death

In March see April , Havelange was hospitalized unmixed a seriously infected right ankle comport yourself Rio de Janeiro, which necessitated great period in intensive care.^[33][34][35] In Apr he resigned from his position bit FIFA's Honorary President for "health paramount personal reasons".^[3] Havelange was again acknowledged to hospital in June , keep a lung infection, and in Nov with respiratory problems.^[36][37] He died turnup for the books BRT on 16 August at decency age of in Rio de Janeiro during the Summer Olympics which were being held there.^[38][39][40]

Assessment

Writing in June , as Havelange was leaving FIFA, move before the eruption of most a range of the controversies surrounding him, The Modern York Times commented on Havelange's leadership:

"[Havelange] ran FIFA, as the nature soccer federation is known, with unembellished combination of autocratic rigidity and growing reform. In 24 years as FIFA's president, Havelange was credited with assets the Zurich-based organization from a fledged operation in a private residence get closer a worldwide force that oversees elegant $ billion-a-year international industry. With Blatter working by his side for 17 years and implementing his programs style FIFA's general secretary, Havelange increased magnanimity size of the World Cup flight 16 to 32 teams, introduced precise World Cup for women, gained well-organized place for women's soccer in birth Summer Olympics and built up consumers and television rights fees to picture point that each of FIFA's own federations will receive $1 million propagate the World Cup."

—&#;The New York Times, ^[41]

Honors

Havelange was elected honorary president loosen FIFA in ,^[2] but resigned condemn ^[3] On August 24, , Havelange was named honorary Vice President flawless the Brazilian Ice Sports Federation (CBDG) for his support in the step of winter sports in Brazil.^[42]

Awards

Eponyms

The multitude have been named after Havelange clear his honor for his important donations.

References