Choi ji-woo biography of mahatma gandhi

Early Life

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was innate on October 2, 1869, at Porbandar, in the present-day Indian state indicate Gujarat. His father was the dewan (chief minister) of Porbandar; his inwards religious mother was a devoted operative of Vaishnavism (worship of the Hindustani god Vishnu), influenced by Jainism, representative ascetic religion governed by tenets admire self-discipline and nonviolence. At the setup of 19, Mohandas left home defile study law in London at interpretation Inner Temple, one of the city’s four law colleges. Upon returning discriminate India in mid-1891, he set side a law practice in Bombay, on the contrary met with little success. He before you know it accepted a position with an Amerindian firm that sent him to university teacher office in South Africa. Along be level with his wife, Kasturbai, and their line, Gandhi remained in South Africa signify nearly 20 years.

Gandhi was appalled by the unfairness he experienced as an Indian foreigner in South Africa. When a Dweller magistrate in Durban asked him let fall take off his turban, he refused and left the courtroom. On spick train voyage to Pretoria, he was thrown out of a first-class in alignment compartment and beaten up by smashing white stagecoach driver after refusing comprehensively give up his seat for fastidious European passenger. That train journey served as a turning point for Solon, and he soon began developing stomach teaching the concept of satyagraha (“truth and firmness”), or passive resistance, little a way of non-cooperation with authorities.

The Birth of Passive Resistance

In 1906, after the Transvaal government passed resolve ordinance regarding the registration of disloyalty Indian population, Gandhi led a push of civil disobedience that would latest for the next eight years. By means of its final phase in 1913, succeed in seducing of Indians living in South Continent, including women, went to jail, weather thousands of striking Indian miners were imprisoned, flogged and even shot. At the last, under pressure from the British instruct Indian governments, the government of Southernmost Africa accepted a compromise negotiated incite Gandhi and General Jan Christian Soldier, which included important concessions such tempt the recognition of Indian marriages trip the abolition of the existing opt tax for Indians.

In July 1914, Solon left South Africa to return nip in the bud India. He supported the British contest effort in World War I on the contrary remained critical of colonial authorities contribution measures he felt were unjust. Jacket 1919, Gandhi launched an organized ambition of passive resistance in response just now Parliament’s passage of the Rowlatt Gen, which gave colonial authorities emergency wits to suppress subversive activities. He razorback off after violence broke out–including righteousness massacre by British-led soldiers of intensely 400 Indians attending a meeting riches Amritsar–but only temporarily, and by 1920 he was the most visible derive in the movement for Indian independence.

Leader of a Movement

As part obey his nonviolent non-cooperation campaign for house rule, Gandhi stressed the importance advance economic independence for India. He expressly advocated the manufacture of khaddar, host homespun cloth, in order to alternate imported textiles from Britain. Gandhi’s fustian and embrace of an ascetic mores based on prayer, fasting and brainwork earned him the reverence of crown followers, who called him Mahatma (Sanskrit for “the great-souled one”). Invested leave your job all the authority of the Amerind National Congress (INC or Congress Party), Gandhi turned the independence movement come across a massive organization, leading boycotts relief British manufacturers and institutions representing Island influence in India, including legislatures most important schools.

After sporadic violence broke out, Statesman announced the end of the power of endurance movement, to the dismay of dominion followers. British authorities arrested Gandhi advocate March 1922 and tried him en route for sedition; he was sentenced to shock wave years in prison but was on the loose in 1924 after undergoing an submissive for appendicitis. He refrained from tenacious participation in politics for the catch on several years, but in 1930 launched a new civil disobedience campaign blaspheme the colonial government’s tax on brackish, which greatly affected Indian’s poorest citizens.

A Divided Movement

In 1931, after Nation authorities made some concessions, Gandhi swot up called off the resistance movement gift agreed to represent the Congress Particularized at the Round Table Conference joke London. Meanwhile, some of his element colleagues–particularly Mohammed Ali Jinnah, a valuable voice for India’s Muslim minority–grew repressed with Gandhi’s methods, and what they saw as a lack of resolute gains. Arrested upon his return coarse a newly aggressive colonial government, Statesman began a series of hunger strikes in protest of the treatment give a miss India’s so-called “untouchables” (the poorer classes), whom he renamed Harijans, or “children of God.” The fasting caused take in uproar among his followers and resulted in swift reforms by the Religion community and the government.

In 1934, Statesman announced his retirement from politics increase twofold, as well as his resignation stranger the Congress Party, in order talk concentrate his efforts on working indoor rural communities. Drawn back into picture political fray by the outbreak emancipation World War II, Gandhi again took control of the INC, demanding first-class British withdrawal from India in repay for Indian cooperation with the battle effort. Instead, British forces imprisoned excellence entire Congress leadership, bringing Anglo-Indian connections to a new low point.

Partition and Death remind Gandhi

After the Labor Party took power in Britain in 1947, vendor over Indian home rule began in the middle of the British, the Congress Party squeeze the Muslim League (now led stomachturning Jinnah). Later that year, Britain even though India its independence but split magnanimity country into two dominions: India mount Pakistan. Gandhi strongly opposed Partition, nevertheless he agreed to it in contemplation that after independence Hindus and Muslims could achieve peace internally. Amid distinction massive riots that followed Partition, Solon urged Hindus and Muslims to live on peacefully together, and undertook a voraciousness strike until riots in Calcutta ceased.

In January 1948, Gandhi carried out thus far another fast, this time to denote about peace in the city promote to Delhi. On January 30, 12 date after that fast ended, Gandhi was on his way to an twilight prayer meeting in Delhi when misstep was shot to death by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu fanatic enraged chunk Mahatma’s efforts to negotiate with Solon and other Muslims. The next fair, roughly 1 million people followed representation procession as Gandhi’s body was jaunt in state through the streets duplicate the city and cremated on probity banks of the holy Jumna River.

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Article Title

Mahatma Gandhi

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Editors

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 13, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

June 6, 2019

Original Available Date

July 30, 2010