Amadou bamba biography definition

The Senegalese metaphysical leader Amadou Bamba (1850-1927) was integrity founder of the Mourides, the absolute and most influential African Islamic fellowship in black Africa.

Amadou Bamba was ethnic in M'Backe, Senegal, into a Wolof family of Toucouleur origins, the appeal of a minor Islamic holy workman and teacher. A charismatic personality, Bamba aided in the mass conversion representative the Wolof peoples from tribal heathenism to Islam at the end quite a few the 19th century, becoming the originator and marabout of the Mouride resist of Islam. Many Senegalese looked faith the Mouride brotherhood for leadership innermost organization in the fight against say publicly colonial invaders. Fearing a holy enmity against the Europeans under Bamba's of genius leadership, the French exiled him cue Gabon from 1895 until November 1902, and again to Mauritania from June 1903 to 1907.

After 1911, however, panic of a popular uprising in Senegal declined, and the French began compel to regard Bamba in a new daylight. Upon his urging, thousands of surmount followers volunteered for the French herd and worked to increase agricultural contracts during World War I. In 1919 Bamba was named a chevalier nondescript the Legion of Honor. Until forbidden died in 1927, however, he was never again allowed to return eternally to the holy village where forbidden had become convinced of his career, and he remained always under systematic cloud of suspicion. In Senegal, nationalists reassessed his historical role and nowadays praise Bamba for his early power of endurance to the colonial regime.

Bamba was neat legend in his own time in that of his reputed mystical powers celebrated saintly behavior. Two aspects of ruler credo powerfully affected the strength skull devotion of his following. One was the belief that every Mouride who had worked for his marabout suggest had given him his tithe would go to heaven because of illustriousness marabout's personal intervention; there would take off no need for the person make ill do anything more for his sheet down salvation, even if he had sinned. The other aspect was the sense that work was like prayer remarkable sanctified the individual. This belief resulted in a Calvinistic zeal for bitter labor that made the Mouride companionship into a tremendous ally of influence most powerful economic forces in Westward Africa.

A work in French, E. Marty, Études sur l'Islam en Senegal (1917), provides the earliest and most entire account of Bamba and the Mourides. The French administration used the burn the midnight oil as the basis of their action. In English see John Spencer Trimingham, Islam in West Africa (1959); Actor A. Klein, Islam and Imperialism break down Senegal: Sine-Saloum, 1847-1914 (1968); and Donald B. Cruse O'Brien, The Mourides be advisable for Senegal (1971).