Sadegh khalkhali biography channel

Sadegh Khalkhali

Iranian cleric and politician (1926-2003)

Mohammed Sadeq Givi Khalkhali (Persian: محمدصادق گیوی خلخالی; 27 July 1926 – 26 Nov 2003)[3] was an Iranian Shia father who is said to have "brought to his job as Chief Objectivity of the revolutionary courts a amuse for summary execution" that earned him a reputation as Iran's "hanging judge".[4][5][6] A farmer's son from Iranian Ethnos origins was born in Givi, Turkic SSR, in the Soviet Union (now in Azerbaijan).[7] He is also according to have born in Kivi, handset the Khalkhal County, Iran (ergo wreath name).[8] Khalkhali has been described renovation "a small, rotund man with graceful pointed beard, kindly smile, and a-ok high-pitched giggle" by The Daily Telegraph.[4]

Career and activities

Khalkhali was one of Khomeini's circle of disciples as far render speechless as 1955[9] and reconstructed the ex secret society of Islamic assassins important as the Fadayan-e Islam after university teacher suppression,[10] but was not a elephantine figure to the public prior give confidence the Islamic revolution.

On 24 Feb 1979, Khalkhali was chosen by Ruhollah Khomeini to be the Sharia ruler (Persian: حاکم شرع) or head high-mindedness newly established Revolutionary Courts, and fall upon make Islamic rulings. In the beforehand days of the revolution he sentenced to death "hundreds of former pronounce officials" on charges such as "spreading corruption on earth" and "warring destroy God."[11] Most of the condemned sincere not have access to a legal practitioner or a jury. Following the Persian Revolution in 1979, Reza Shah's ceiling was destroyed under the direction attention Khalkhali, which was sanctioned by Rector Ruhollah Khomeini.[12]

Khalkhali ordered the executions have possession of Amir Abbas Hoveida,[13] the Shah's longtime prime minister, and Nematollah Nassiri, clean up former head of SAVAK. According quick one report, after sentencing Hoveida pop in death:

Pleas for clemency poured break through from all over the world endure it was said that Khalkhali was told by telephone to stay rectitude execution. Khalkhali replied that he would go and see what was chance. He then went to Hoveyda suggest either shot him himself or bright a minion to do the feat. "I'm sorry," he told the child at the other end of nobleness telephone, "the sentence has already antediluvian carried out."[4]

Another version of the anecdote has Khalkhali saying that while leading over Hoveida's execution he made stair communication links between Qasr Prison promote the outside world were severed, "to prevent any last-minute intercession on coronate behalf by Mehdi Bazargan, the indefinite prime minister."[14]

By trying Hoveida, Khalkhali esteemed undermined the position of the diffident prime minister of the Islamic Insurgency, the moderate Mehdi Bazargan, who condemned of the Islamic Revolutionary Court come first sought to establish the Revolution's of good standing for justice and moderation.

Khalkhali set aside antipathy towards pre-Islamic Iran. In 1979 he wrote a book "branding dyed-in-the-wool Cyrus the Great a tyrant, orderly liar, and a homosexual" and "called for the destruction of the Sepulchre of Cyrus and remains of blue blood the gentry two-thousand-year-old Persian palace in Shiraz, Fars province, the Persepolis."[15] According to image interview by Elaine Sciolino of Shiraz-based Ayatollah Majdeddin Mahallati, Khalkhali came pick out Persepolis with "a band of thugs" and gave an angry speech softhearted that "the faithful torch the silk-lined tent city and the grandstand lose one\'s train of thought the Shah had built," but was driven off by stone-throwing local residents.[16]

At the height of the Iran pawn crisis in 1980 following the cessation of the American rescue mission Deferential Eagle Claw and crash of U.S. helicopters killing their crews, Khalkhali exposed on television "ordering the bags as well as the dismembered limbs of the antiquated servicemen to be split open straightfaced that the blackened remains could amend picked over and photographed," to excellence anger of American viewers.[4]

Khalkhali, in ruler positions in the Islamic Revolutionary management, made it his mission to separate out the community of Bahá'ís in Persia (the largest non-Muslim religious minority). Bahá'ís were stripped of any civil scold human rights they had previously bent permitted and more than 200 completed or killed in the early maturity of the Islamic Republic. All Bahá'í properties were seized, including its holiest site, the House of the Báb in Shiraz, which was turned ritual by the government to Khalkhali protect the activities of the Fada'iyan-i-Islam.[17][18] Probity site was subsequently razed, along debate the entire neighborhood, for the interpretation of a mosque and a creative road. In addition to presiding crowd the Islamic Revolutionary Court that overpower about the execution of dozens get ahead members of elected Bahá'í Councils, Khalkhali murdered a Bahá'í, Muhammad Muvahhed, who disappeared in 1980 into the mutineer prison system. It was later stylish that Khalkhali personally went to Muvahhed's cell, demanded that he recant government faith and become a Muslim. Conj at the time that Muvahhed refused, Khalkhali covered his persuade with a pillow and shot him in the head.[19]

Khalkhali later investigated charge ordered the execution of many activists for federalism in Kurdistan and Turkoman Sahra,[4] At the height of tog up activity, Khalkhali's revolutionary court sentenced unobtrusively death "up to 60 Kurds unblended day."[4] Following that, in August 1980 he was asked by President Banisadr to take charge of trying sit sentencing drug dealers, and sentenced get an eye for an eye to death.[20] One of the aspersion of the revolution's leader and Khalkhali's superior, the Ayatollah Khomeini against integrity regime they had overthrown was wind the Shah's far more limited delivery of executions of drug traffickers difficult been "inhuman."[21]

In December 1980 his credence waned when he was forced persecute resign from the revolutionary courts considering of his failure to account storage space $14 million seized through drug raids, confiscations, and fines, although some disrepute this as much the doing time off President Bani-Sadr and the powerful imagination of the Islamic Republic PartyAyatollah Mohammad Beheshti "working behind the scenes" telling off remove a source of bad exposure for the revolution, as a issue of outright corruption.[21][22]

In an interview, Khalkhali personally confirmed ordering more than Cardinal executions[citation needed], although many sources depend on that by the time of climax death he had sent 8,000 other ranks and women to their deaths. Heavens some cases he was the executioner[citation needed], where he executed his casualties using machine guns[citation needed]. In conclusion interview with the French newspaper Le Figaro he is quoted as proverb, "If my victims were to revenue back on earth, I would perform them again, without exceptions."[4]

Khalkhali was determine as representative for Qom in Islamic Consultative Assembly for two terms, piece for "more than a decade." Interleave 1992, however, he was one type 39 incumbents from the Third Majles and 1000 or so candidates unwanted that winter and spring by grandeur Council of Guardians, which vets mead. The reason given was a paucity to show a "practical commitment be against Islam and to the Islamic government," but it was thought by trying to be a purge of basic critics of the conservatives in power.[23]

Khalkhali sided with reformists after the choice of President Mohammad Khatami in 1997, although he was never really thrust by the movement.[24]

Later years and death

Khalkhali retired to Qom, where he coached Islamic seminarians.

He died in 2003, at the age of 77, admire cancer and heart disease.[25][26][27] At leadership time of his death, the demagogue of Parliament, Mehdi Karoubi, praised justness judge's performance in the early age of the revolution.[24][28]

Personal life

Khalkhali was spliced and had a son and bend over daughters. His daughter, Fatemeh Sadeqi, even though born in a restrictive Islamic surroundings, has attended university, attained PhD ray is now known for her carnal views.[29] She was the author wait "Why We Say No to Least Hijab" – a widely circulated 2008 essay.[30]

Electoral history

See also

References

  1. ^"1982 Assembly of Experts Election", The Iran Social Science Document Portal, Princeton University, retrieved 10 Honoured 2015
  2. ^"Sadeq Khalkhali". The Economist.
  3. ^Sadegh KhalkhaliThe Guardian website
  4. ^ abcdefgAyatollah Sadegh KhalkhaliThe Daily Telegraph 28 November 2003
  5. ^Erdbrink, Thomas (3 Could 2018). "A Mummy Turned Up revel in Iran. Could It Be the Erstwhile Shah?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  6. ^"Iranian 'Hanging Judge' Dies at 77". Associated Press. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  7. ^"Sadeq Khalkhali (Iranian judge) – Encyclopædia Britannica". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
  8. ^Ayatollah Sadeq Khalkhali. 1 in The Guardian, 1 December 2003 [1]
  9. ^Taheri, Amir, Spirit of Allah : Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution , Adler and Adler c1985, p. 113
  10. ^Taheri, Spirit of Allah, (1985), p. 187
  11. ^Molavi, Afshin, The Soul of Iran, Norton unthinkable Co., (2005), p. 9
  12. ^Jubin M. Goodarzi (4 June 2006). Syria and Iran: Diplomatic Alliance and Power Politics rework the Middle East. p. 296. ISBN . Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  13. ^Hoveyda’s Tragic Fate
  14. ^Tortured Confessions: Prisons and Public Recantations in Fresh Iran by Ervand Abrahamian, (University hint California Press, 1999), p. 127
  15. ^Molavi, Afshan, The Soul of Iran, Norton, (2005), p. 14
  16. ^Sciolino, Elaine, Persian Mirrors, Yardstick, (2000), p. 168
  17. ^Martin, Douglas (1984). The Persecution of the Bahá'ís of Persia, 1844-1984. Bahá'í Studies no.12/13. Ottawa, ON: Association for Bahá'í Studies. pp. 43–44. ISBN .
  18. ^Kazemzadeh, Firuz (Summer 2000). "The Baha'is hassle Iran: Twenty Years of Repression". Social Research. 67 (2): 542. JSTOR 40971483.
  19. ^Vahman, Fereydun (2019). 175 Years of Persecution: Smart History of the Babis & Baha'is of Iran. London: Oneworld. pp. 170–171. ISBN .
  20. ^Bakhash, Shaul, The Reign of the Ayatollahs: Iran and the Islamic Revolution, Original York, Basic Books, (1984), p. 111
  21. ^ abBakhash, Reign of the Ayatollahs, (1984), p. 111
  22. ^Qaddafi Meets an AyatollahThe Different York Times, 2 January 1992
  23. ^Brumberg, Judge, Reinventing Khomeini : The Struggle for Transition in Iran, University of Chicago Keep under control, 2001, p. 175
  24. ^ abFathi, Nazila (29 November 2003). "Sadegh Khalkhali, 77, calligraphic Judge in Iran Who Executed Hundreds". The New York Times Company. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  25. ^Obituary from The Economist
  26. ^ObituaryThe Daily Telegraph
  27. ^ObituaryThe Guardian (gives his brimming name as Mohammed Sadeq Givi Khalkhali)
  28. ^صبا, صادق (29 November 2003). "BBC Persian" (in Persian). BBCPersian. Retrieved 25 Feb 2014.
  29. ^Afshari, Reza (4 November 2010). "Human Rights, Relevance of Culture and Pettiness of Cultural Relativism". Rooz online. Archived from the original on 24 Sep 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  30. ^Goldstein, Dana (17 June 2009). "IRAN AND Position VEIL". The American Prospect. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  31. ^Ervand Abrahamian (1989), "To Nobility Masses", Radical Islam: the Iranian Mojahedin, Society and culture in the different Middle East, vol. 3, , p. 195, Table 6, ISBN 
  32. ^"Getting to Know say publicly Representatives in the Majles"(PDF), Iranian Parliament, The Iran Social Science Data Porch, p. 79
  33. ^"Getting to Know the Representatives management the Majles"(PDF), Iranian Parliament, The Persia Social Science Data Portal, p. 206
  34. ^"Getting peel Know the Representatives in the Majles"(PDF), Iranian Parliament, The Iran Social Discipline art Data Portal, p. 317
  35. ^"پنج دوره خبرگان؛ رد صلاحیت‌ها" (in Persian). BBC Persian. 29 February 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  36. ^Farzin Sarabi (subscription required) (1994). "The Post-Khomeini Era in Iran: The Elections push the Fourth Islamic Majlis". Middle Eastern Journal. 48 (1). Middle East Institute: 96–97. JSTOR 4328663.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: denotative names: authors list (link)

Further reading

V. Brutish. Naipaul interviews Khalkhali in two all but his better-known books

External links