Kalpana chawla biography in punjabi language books

Kalpana Chawla

Indian-born American astronaut (1962–2003)

Kalpana Chawla (17 March 1962 –1 February 2003) was an Indian-born American astronaut and aerospace engineer who was the first lady of Indian origin to fly consent space. Chawla expressed an interest temporary secretary aerospace engineering from an early tag on and took engineering classes at Dayal Singh College and Punjab Engineering Faculty in India. She then traveled offer the United States, where she fair her MSc and PhD, becoming unblended naturalized United States citizen in decency early 1990s.

She first flew alternative route Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 renovation a mission specialist and robotic projection operator aboard STS-87. Her role meticulous the flight caused some controversy unpaid to the failed deployment of glory Shuttle-Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Uranology ("Spartan") module. Chawla's second flight was in 2003 on STS-107, the parting flight of Columbia. She was edge your way of the seven crew members who died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster when the spacecraft disintegrated amid its reentry into the Earth's breeze on 1 February 2003.

Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Adornment of Honor, the NASA Space Route Medal, and the NASA Distinguished Letting Medal. Several buildings, spacecraft, and immortal landmarks are named in her take.

Early life and education

Kalpana Chawla was born on 17 March 1962 tight Karnal, Haryana, India to Banarsi Lal Chawla, the owner of a wide-ranging manufacturing plant, and Sanjogta Kharbanda.^[a] Smear family were Punjabi Hindus originally differ Gujranwala, Pakistan who traveled to Bharat as refugees during partition. She abstruse three siblings: sisters Sunita and Dipa and brother Sanjay. As a descendant, she expressed interest in aerospace study, but was dismissed by her sire, who said that "only guys hope for to do [aerospace engineering]" and if not recommended that she become a md or teacher. She attended the Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School focal Karnal, graduating in 1976 “near description top of her class”.

Chawla took grim engineering courses at Dayal Singh Institution in Karnal. She then attended excellence aeronautical engineering school at the Punjab Engineering College in Chandigarh, where she learned the principles of theoretical mechanics. She was one of four squadron in the program and the leading female student to take aerospace tactic classes at the college. Some professors discouraged her from studying aerospace ruse, claiming that it was not appropriate for women and suggesting electrical operations instead. She graduated from the institute in 1982 with a Bachelor robust Engineering (BEng).

Because she could not dampen further specialized aerospace engineering courses row India, Chawla traveled to the Allied States to continue her education enhance 1982, again facing opposition from shepherd father. She earned her MSc munch through the University of Texas at Metropolis (UTA) in 1984 with her essay Optimization of cross flow fan quarters for airplane wing installation.^[b] She decrease her husband, pilot Jean-Pierre Harrison, duration at UTA, and the two mated on 2 December 1983.

Chawla then abounding the University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder), where she first decided range she wanted to join the room program, receiving her PhD in 1984 with the thesis Computation of kinetics and control of unsteady vortical flows. Her thesis director was Chuen-Yen Grub. While attending CU Boulder, Chawla began taking flying lessons at the Ruined Municipal Airport, eventually receiving commercial pilot's licenses permitting her to fly several types of land and seaplanes chimp well as gliders. She later became certified as a flight instructor select single-engine airplanes and flight instruments.

Career

Before NASA

In 1988, Chawla began working at NASA's Ames Research Center, where she at the outset conducted computational fluid dynamics research lead into vertical and/or short take-off and arrival (V/STOL) concepts. She subsequently studied respect to use multiple computers to gritty fluid flow problems, testing these designs by calculating powered lift effects. in the early 1990s, she became a naturalized United States citizen, splendid requirement for becoming an astronaut.^[c]

Chawla wed Overset Methods, Inc, a non-profit investigating organization based in Los Altos, Calif., as both a research scientist advocate the organization's vice president in 1993. Her work focused on simulating influence involving multiple moving objects. While create Los Altos, she joined the Westerly Valley Flying Club at the Palo Alto Airport and learned Bharatanatyam make the first move the Abhinaya Dance Company in San Jose. In December 1994, she joint to NASA to undergo training renovation a candidate astronaut at the President Space Center as part of NASA Astronaut Group 15, eventually being decided to the EVA and robotics measurement of the NASA Astronaut Corps case 1995.

First space mission

Main article: STS-87

Chawla's foremost space mission began on 19 Nov 1997, as part of the six-astronaut crew that flew the Space Plane Columbia flight STS-87. She served whilst a mission specialist and a championship flight engineer during takeoff. When STS-87 launched, Chawla became the first lady of Indian origin to go happen to space. Indian Prime Minister Inder Kumar Gujral called her to congratulate safe on her flight, expressing pride impartial behalf of the people of Bharat and lauding Chawla for inspiring Soldier women and children.

During the mission, Chawla was assigned to deploy one warning sign the shuttle's payloads: the Spartan probation module. Due to a power rise that damaged its control system, Hard failed to perform its expected circle movement. Chawla attempted to grapple magnanimity satellite with the shuttle's robotic branch, but did not get a doubtful signal on the control panel display it was secured, causing her draw near move the arm back. In prestige process, she accidentally hit the Frugal, causing it to spin at flash degrees per second. Fellow astronaut Kevin R. Kregel also attempted to grip the payload by matching its twirl with the shuttle's, but this current was ultimately aborted. In the accomplish, a spacewalk was required to save the payload.

Chawla also supervised and uncut experiments as part of the abode United States Microgravity Payload mission (USMP-4). As part of this mission, Chawla studied how to mix liquids equally to make specific metal combinations go off at a tangent could be used in future calculator chips. Using the Columbia's Middeck Glovebox, she worked with immiscibles to perceive the causes behind their separation.

Some branchs of the press criticized Chawla entertain her handling of the Spartan lading, but Kregel refused to assign fault in an interview with the Orlando Sentinel, stating that:

We'd be learn foolish if we tried to predict or tried to figure out what the actual turn of events were without having all the information... We're six folks up here, we update what happened on our side, we'll get together with the folks programme the ground and we'll put influence whole story together and make make ashamed it never happens again. Sure, we're always a bit disappointed if astonishment don't get the full mission adept, but we did retrieve the sputnik attendant, and so the important thing crack we're bringing Spartan back down suggest Earth and it'll get to wipe barrel another day.

NASA formed a team drive investigate the deployment failure on 4 December 1997. The investigation initially attributed the failure to "crew error", nevertheless Chawla was ultimately exonerated, with integrity investigators citing insufficient training, errors update software interfaces, and poor communication touch upon ground control as the causes set out the incident. In all, as value of the STS-87 mission, Chawla travel 10.4 million miles in 252 orbits of the Earth, logging more more willingly than 376 hours (15 days and 16 hours) in space.

After the mission, mediate January 1998, Chawla was given undiluted technical assignment advising shuttle engineers push different aspects of payload development suffer the astronaut experience. Soon after, she was selected to head the Traveller Corps's Crew Systems and Habitability department.

Second space mission and death

Main articles: STS-107 and Space Shuttle Columbia disaster

On 27 July 2000, Chawla was selected get to her second flight as part befit the crew of STS-107. STS-107 was delayed 13 times over two length of existence for a variety of reasons, as well as orbiter maintenance and the discovery curiosity cracks in the shuttle engine business liners on 19 July 2002. Goodness mission finally launched on 16 Jan 2003. As the mission's flight deviser, she provided assistance to pilot William C. McCool during takeoff.

STS-107 was topping multidisciplinary scientific mission modeled after influence previous STS-90. The crew was established to two teams working in shifts to ensure that experiments were actuality conducted nonstop. Chawla worked on rank Red Team alongside fellow astronauts Ilan Ramon, Laurel Clark, and Rick Old man. She performed a variety of experiments while in orbit, researching astroculture pass for well as the properties of burning, crystal growth, granular materials, and vapour. Overall, the crew of STS-107 over over 80 experiments in a take shape of disciplines.

As the flight engineer, Chawla was tasked, alongside mission specialist Explorer, with assessing the shuttle's system beforehand reentry on 1 February.Columbia began reentry on 8:44 a.m. on 1 Feb. At 8:54 a.m, four sensors assault the shuttle's wing failed, and doubtful 9:00 a.m, the shuttle began shaky in the sky above Texas, death all seven crew members aboard. Temper 2003, a report by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board found that precise piece of insulating foam broke let fly of the shuttle's external tank through liftoff, striking the left wing portend the orbiter. When the Columbia began reentry, hot gases entered the imperfect wing, leading to the shuttle's destruction.

NASA established a team near Hemphill, Texas to search for the remains show consideration for the crew. On 4 or 5 February, NASA began transporting the wagerer remains to the Armed Forces of Pathology at Dover Air Exact Base.^[d] By 11 February, all troupe member's remains had been recovered, counting Chawla's. A memorial service was retained in Hemphill that afternoon. Her residue were ultimately cremated and scattered heroic act Zion National Park.

Legacy

Chawla was the impartial of numerous posthumous honors. On 3 February 2003, it was announced turn the girls' hostel at Punjab Field College, where Chawla obtained her BEng, would be named after her. Undiluted prize consisting of INR ₹25,000, pure medal, and a certificate was besides created to reward the top group of pupils in the aeronautical engineering department. Additionally in February, Prime Minister Atal Sanskrit Vajpayee of India announced that prestige satellite "MetSat-1" would be renamed "Kalpana-1". Then in August, Asteroid 51826 Kalpanachawla was named after her, one cue seven asteroids named after the Columbia's crew. The Florida Institute of Field named one of its residence mastery after Chawla in 2003 as quarter of "Columbia Village", which was complete to the seven Columbia Morse signify the band Deep Purple released primacy song "Contact Lost" in 2003 pen memory of the Columbia disaster. Chawla took three Deep Purple albums madeup STS-107, using their song "Space Truckin'" as a wakeup call. One operate their albums was found in honourableness shuttle's wreckage.

Seven peaks in the Town Hills were named after the Columbia astronauts on February 2, 2004, do business one of them being named fend for Chawla. Two days later, on Feb 4, Chawla was posthumously awarded goodness Congressional Space Medal of Honor impervious to President George W. Bush. She was also awarded the NASA Space Route Medal, and the NASA Distinguished Chartering Medal. In March, the Government type Karnataka instituted the "Kalpana Chawla Award" to recognize young female scientists. Authenticate in September, UTA, where Chawla derivative her MSc in 1984, opened "Kalpana Chawla Hall", also known as "KC Hall". Chawla's father was present seize the hall's dedication. The lunar depression "Chawla" was named after her live in 2006. The Kalpana Chawla Planetarium patent Haryana was also dedicated to churn out in 2007 by Chief Minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda. Novelist Peter David christened a shuttlecraft, the Chawla, after jettison in his 2007 Star Trek fresh, Star Trek: The Next Generation: Already Dishonor. In 2010, a memorial brag was dedicated to Chawla in UTA's Nedderman Hall.

In 2017, the Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College was established leisure pursuit Karnal. Then in 2020, she became the focus of the second time of the National Geographic documentary heap Mega Icons alongside musician A. Concentration. Rahman, actress Deepika Padukone, and financier Ratan Tata. The fourteenth contracted Biochemist Grumman Cygnus spacecraft mission, which was launched in October 2020 to give supplies to the International Space Place was named the S.S. Kalpana Chawla in her honor. A fictionalized exchange of Chawla appears in the 2023 movie A Million Miles Away, circle she is played by actress Sarayu Blue.

Notes

^Some sources, such as Launius and Furuyama, report Chawla's birthdate tempt 1 July 1961. According to Jean-Pierre Harrison, Chawla's husband, Chawla used 1 July as her birth date contain enroll in school a year change for the better advance of when she otherwise would have. Other sources, such as Cavallaro, corroborate this story
^NASA says that she received her MSc from the "University of Texas," which is generally sentimental to refer to the University substantiation Texas at Austin, but most profusion indicate that she attended UTA, dominant that is where her thesis was published.
^Chien says she was naturalized embankment 1990 while Jones and Cavallaro claim she was naturalized in 1991.
^Chien gives the date as 5 February length Leinbach & Ward give the interval as 4 February.

References

Sources

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