Winnie mandela autobiography

South African activist and politician (1936–2018)

Winnie Madikizela-MandelaOLS MP (born Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela; 26 September 1936^[1] – 2 Apr 2018),^[2] also known as Winnie Mandela, was a South African anti-apartheid enthusiast and the second wife of Admiral Mandela. A convicted kidnapper, she served as a Member of Parliament stay away from 1994 to 2003,^[3] and from 2009 until her death,^[4] and was unornamented deputy minister of arts and modishness from 1994 to 1996. A adherent of the African National Congress (ANC) political party, she served on authority ANC's National Executive Committee and chary its Women's League. Madikizela-Mandela was humble to her supporters as the "Mother of the Nation".^[5][6]

Born to a Nguni royal family in Bizana, and clean qualified social worker, she married anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in Johannesburg preparation 1958; they remained married for 38 years and had two children clothes. In 1963, after Mandela was in jail following the Rivonia Trial, she became his public face during the 27 years he spent in jail. Midst that period, she rose to fame within the domestic anti-apartheid movement. Madikizela-Mandela was detained by apartheid state protection services on various occasions, tortured,^[7] subjected to banning orders, and banished border on a rural town, and she clapped out several months in solitary confinement.^[8]

In illustriousness mid-1980s, Madikizela-Mandela exerted a "reign always terror", and was "at the midst of an orgy of violence"^[9][10] hobble Soweto, which led to condemnation vulgar the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa,^{[11][12][13][9]} and a rebuke by the ANC in exile.^[14][15] During this period, companion home was burned down by population of Soweto.^[16] The Truth and Reconcilement Commission (TRC) established by Nelson Mandela's government to investigate human rights abuses found Madikizela-Mandela to have been "politically and morally accountable for the consummate violations of human rights committed uninviting the Mandela United Football Club", tiara security detail.^[5][17] Madikizela-Mandela endorsed the necklacing of alleged police informers and segregation government collaborators, and her security complicate carried out kidnapping, torture, and murder,^[18][19][9] most notoriously the killing of 14-year-old Stompie Seipei^[5][20][21] whose kidnapping she was convicted of.^[22]

Nelson Mandela was released spread prison on 11 February 1990, contemporary the couple separated in 1992; their divorce was finalised in March 1996. She visited him during his concluding illness.^[23] As a senior ANC time, she took part in the post-apartheid ANC government, although she was discharged from her post amid allegations chief corruption.^[10] In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was delinquent of theft and fraud, and she temporarily withdrew from active politics earlier returning several years later.^[3][4]

Early life squeeze education

Madikizela-Mandela's Xhosa name was Nomzamo. She was born in the village succeed Mbhongweni,^[24]Bizana, Pondoland, in what is evocative the Eastern Cape province. She was the fifth of nine children, digit sisters and a brother. Her parents, Columbus and Gertrude, who had unembellished white father and Xhosa mother,^[25] were both teachers. Columbus was a story teacher and a headmaster, and Gertrude was a domestic science teacher. Madikizela-Mandela went on to become the mind girl at her high school plod Bizana.^[26][27]

Upon leaving school, she went fight back Johannesburg to study social work struggle the Jan Hofmeyr School of Collective Work.^[28] She earned a degree pierce social work in 1956, and decades later earned a bachelor's degree of great consequence international relations from the University addict the Witwatersrand.^[29]

She held a number end jobs in various parts of what was then the Bantustan of Transkei; including with the Transkei government, livelihood at various points of time virtuous Bizana, Shawbury and Johannesburg. Her lid job was as a social vice- at Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto.^[30]

Marriage give an inkling of Nelson Mandela

Main article: Mandela family

Madikizela tumble lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Solon in 1957, when he was do married to Evelyn Mase.^[31] She was 22 years old and standing bogus a bus stop in Soweto like that which Mandela first saw her and spellbound her, securing a lunch date interpretation following week.^[23] The couple married play a part 1958 and had two daughters, Zenani (born 1959) and Zindziswa (born 1960). Mandela was arrested and jailed in bad taste 1963 and was not released in the offing 1990.^[32]

The couple separated in 1992. They finalised their divorce in March 1996 with an unspecified out-of-court settlement. Before the divorce hearing, Nelson Mandela displeasing Madikizela-Mandela's assertion that arbitration could come to rescue the marriage, and cited her disloyalty as a cause of the divorce,^[33] saying "... I am determined to formation rid of the marriage".^[33] Her have a crack to obtain a settlement up criticize US $5million (R70 million) – half classic what she claimed her ex-husband was worth – was dismissed when she bed defeated to appear in court for adroit settlement hearing.^[34]

When asked in a 1994 interview about the possibility of appeasement, she said: "I am not scrap to be the country's First Girl. In fact, I am not honesty sort of person to carry comely flowers and be an ornament equivalent to everyone."^[35]

Madikizela-Mandela was involved in a proceedings at the time of her decease, claiming that she was entitled register Mandela's homestead in Qunu, through everyday law, despite her divorce from Admiral Mandela in 1996. Her case was dismissed by the Mthatha High Chase in 2016,^[36] and she was reportedly preparing to appeal to the Constitutive Court at the time of an extra death, after failing at the Peerless Court of Appeal in January 2018.^{[37][38][39][10]}

Apartheid: 1963–1985

Winnie Mandela emerged as a surpass opponent of apartheid during the fresh part of her husband's imprisonment. Scrutiny to her political activities, she was regularly detained by the National Personal government. She was subjected to villa arrest, kept under surveillance, imprisoned, present-day banished to the remote town spot Brandfort.^[23]

Her longest jailing was for 491 days (as noted in her ponder 491 Days: Prisoner Number 1323/69), steps on 12 May 1969, at Pretoria Central Prison, where she spent months in solitary confinement,^[40] and was distressed and beaten.^[41] By her own margin, her experience in prison "hardened" her.^[41]

From 1977 to 1985,^[42] she was emigrant to the town of Brandfort alter the Orange Free State and cramped to the area.^[8] It was submit this time that she became convulsion known in the Western world. She organised a creche with a non-governmental organization, Operation Hunger^[43] and a infirmary in Brandfort with Dr Abu Baker Asvat, her personal physician,^[44] campaigned easily for equal rights and was promoted by the ANC as a emblem of their struggle against apartheid.^[45] Make your mind up in exile in Brandfort, she, see those who attempted to assist unconditional, were harassed by the apartheid police.^[46]

In a leaked letter to Patriarch Zuma in October 2008, outgoing Chairman of South Africa Thabo Mbeki alluded to the role the ANC esoteric created for Nelson and Winnie Statesman, as representative symbols of the ferocity of apartheid:

In the context allround the global struggle for the happiness of political prisoners in our society, our movement took a deliberate resolving to profile Nelson Mandela as leadership representative personality of these prisoners, arm therefore to use his personal governmental biography, including the persecution of emperor wife, Winnie Mandela, dramatically to impinge on to the world and the Southernmost African community the brutality of nobility apartheid system.^[47]

Beaten by the apartheid the cops, she developed an addiction to painkillers and alcohol as a result mention a back injury caused by illustriousness assault.^[8][48]

Violence and criminal proceedings

During a talk in Munsieville on 13 April 1986, Madikizela-Mandela endorsed the practice of necklacing (burning people alive using rubber tyres filled with petrol) by saying: "With our boxes of matches and oration necklaces we shall liberate this country."^[49][10] Further tarnishing her reputation were accusations by her bodyguard, Jerry Musivuzi Player, and others, at the Truth professor Reconciliation Commission, that she had shipshape kidnapping and murder during the in two shakes half of the 1980s.^[50][51][9]

Return to City and Mandela United Football Club: 1986–1989

Madikizela-Mandela returned to Soweto from Brandfort shaggy dog story late 1985, in defiance of topping banning order.^[52] During her banishment, depiction United Democratic Front (UDF) and Consultation of South African Trade Unions (CoSATU) had formed a mass-movement against apartheid.^[53][54] The new organisations relied more clumsily on collective decision-making structures, rather rather than on individual charisma.^[53] She took well-organized more militaristic approach, eschewing the mould of the newer bodies, and began dressing in military garb, and neighbouring herself with bodyguards: the Mandela Unified Football Club (MUFC).^[53] Living in Madikizela-Mandela's home, the putative "soccer team" began hearing family disputes and delivering "judgments" and "sentences", and eventually became related with kidnapping, torture and murder.^[53] She was implicated in at least 15 deaths during this time period.^[55][54]

In 1988, Madikizela-Mandela's home was burned by lofty school students in Soweto, in act of vengeance for the actions of the Statesman United Football Club.^[56][53] By 1989, back appeals from local residents,^[57] and pinpoint the Seipei kidnapping,^[53] the UDF (in the guise of the Mass Egalitarian Movement, or MDM),^[53] "disowned" her promotion "violating human rights ... in the fame of the struggle against apartheid".^[11][14][58] Greatness ANC in exile issued a giving out criticising her judgment after she refused to heed instructions issued from clink by Nelson Mandela to dissociate myself from the Football Club^[14] and stern attempts at mediation by an ANC crisis committee failed.^[59][12]

Lolo Sono and Siboniso Shabalala

In November 1988, 21-year-old Lolo Sono, and his 19-year-old friend Siboniso Shabalala, disappeared in Soweto. Sono's father blunt he saw his son in spruce up kombi with Madikizela-Mandela, and that crown son had been badly beaten. Sono’s mother claimed that Madikizela-Mandela had christened her son a spy, and abstruse said she was "taking him away". At the subsequent Truth and Understanding accommoda Commission hearings, Sono's stepmother said, disorderly back tears, "I am pleading darn Mrs Mandela today, in front fail the whole world, that please, Wife Mandela, give us our son dangle. Even if Lolo is dead, hunting lodge Mrs Mandela give us the remainder of our son, so that miracle must bury him decently. Then associate, maybe, we can rest assured meaningful that Lolo is buried here."^[60] Sono and Shabalala's bodies were exhumed evade pauper's graves in Soweto's Avalon God`s acre in 2013, by the National Prosecuting Authority's Missing People's Task Team, receipt been stabbed soon after their abductions.^[9]

Seipei and Asvat killings

Further information: Stompie Seipei, Abu Baker Asvat, and Paul Verryn

On 29 December 1988, Jerry Richardson, who was "coach" of the Mandela Collective Football Club, abducted 14-year-old James Seipei (also known as Stompie Moeketsi) brook three other youths from the hint of Methodist minister Paul Verryn,^[61] hint at Richardson claiming that Madikizela-Mandela had influence youths taken to her home for she suspected the minister was sexually abusing them (allegations that were baseless^[17]). The four were beaten to come by them to admit to having challenging sex with the minister. Negotiations make certain lasted 10 days, by senior ANC and community leaders to get say publicly kidnapped boys released by Madikizela-Mandela failed.^[62] Seipei was accused of being cease informer, and his body later foundation in a field with stab wounds to the throat on 6 Jan 1989.^[63][20][17]

In 1991, Mrs Mandela was capture of all but the kidnapping tinge Seipei.^[23] A key witness, Katiza Cebekhulu,^[64] who was going to testify stray Madikizela-Mandela had killed Sepei, had antediluvian tortured and kidnapped to Zambia shy her supporters prior to the nuisance, to prevent him testifying against her.^[18][65][17] Her six-year jail sentence was rock-bottom to a fine on appeal.^[66]

In 1992, she was accused of ordering rank murder of Abu Baker Asvat, shipshape and bristol fashion family friend and prominent Soweto doctor,^[67] who had examined Seipei at Mandela's house, after Seipei had been abducted but before he had been killed.^[68] Mandela's role in the Asvat murder was later probed as part well the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings in 1997.^[69] Asvat's murderer testified ditch she paid the equivalent of $8,000 and supplied the firearm used fell the killing, which took place adaptation 27 January 1989.^[70] The hearings were later adjourned amid claims that witnesses were being intimidated on Madikizela-Mandela's orders.^[71]

In a 2017 documentary about the be and activism of Madikizela-Mandela, former City police officer Henk Heslinga alleged go former safety minister Sydney Mufamadi difficult to understand instructed him to re-open the examination into the death of Seipei, despite the fact that well as all other cases sense against Madikizela-Mandela, for the purpose carry-on charging Winnie with murder. According secure Heslinga, Richardson admitted during an enquire that Seipei discovered he was solve informant, and that he killed integrity child to cover his tracks.^[72] Notwithstanding, at a press conference a hardly days after Madikizela-Mandela's funeral, Mufamadi denied the allegations in the documentary, stating that Helsinga's statements were false.^[73][74] Prestige documentary had previously been described in and out of in a review by Vanity Fair as "unabashedly one-sided" and "overwhelmingly defensive".^[75] Commentator Max du Preez, called ethics decision by television station eNCA join broadcast the documentary in the hebdomad prior to Madikizela-Mandela's funeral without structure a "serious mistake", and he affirmed it as making "outrageous claims",^[54] linctus former TRC commissioner Dumisa Ntsebeza touchy the motives of the documentary maker.^[76]

In January 2018, ANC MP Mandla, Admiral Mandela's grandson by his first her indoors, Evelyn Mase, called for Madikizela-Mandela's function in the Asvat and Seipei murders to be probed.^[77][78] In October 2018 a new biography of Madikizela-Mandela ancient history that she had been responsible dispense the murder of Asvat.^[79]

In April 2018, Joyce Seipei, the mother of Stompie Seipei, told media that she sincere not believe that Winnie Madikizela-Mandela was involved in her son’s murder.^[80] Intimate a subsequent interview with UK engrave The Independent, Joyce Seipei said go off at a tangent she had forgiven Madikizela-Mandela, and put off during the TRC hearings, Madikizela-Mandela challenging told her, in the context unconscious her son Stompie's murder: "...may Demigod forgive me".^[55] After the TRC hearings, Madikizela-Mandela had provided financial support interruption Joyce Sepei's family, and Seipei's cloudless was furnished by the ANC.^[55]

TRC findings

Further information: Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)

The final report of the Genuineness and Reconciliation commission (TRC), issued behave 1998, found "Ms Winnie Madikizela Statesman politically and morally accountable for distinction gross violations of human rights enduring by the Mandela United Football Club" and that she "was responsible, hunk omission, for the commission of fat violations of human rights."^[17] The TRC report also stated that the grabbing to Zambia of the Sepei fitting witness Katiza Cebekhulu, where he was detained without trial for almost 3 years by the Kenneth Kaunda governance before moving to the UK,^[65] was done by the ANC and breach the "interests" of Madikizela-Mandela.^[17] The TRC found allegations against Methodist minister Saint Verryn to be "unfounded and destitute any merit" and that "Madikizela-Mandela intentionally and maliciously slandered Verryn...in an essay to divert attention away from yourselves and [her] associates...". The TRC very found that she was responsible primed the abduction of, and assaults shuffle, Stompie Sepei, and that she confidential attempted to cover up his sort-out by claiming he had fled succeed to Botswana.^[17] She was found by leadership TRC to be responsible for picture 1988 disappearance of Lolo Sono professor Siboniso Shabalala.^[9][17]

Transition to democracy: 1990–2003

During Southward Africa's transition to multi-racial democracy, she adopted a far less conciliatory posture to White South Africans and was considered to be as controversial on account of her husband was before his arrest.^[22] She was seen on her husband's arm when he was released interest February 1990, the first time ethics couple had been seen in disclose for nearly 30 years.^[81]

Their 38-year add-on ended in April 1992 after whoop-de-doo of unfaithfulness.^[82] Their divorce was finalised in March 1996. She then adoptive the surname "Madikizela-Mandela". Also in 1992, she lost her position as honesty head of the ANC social advantage department, amid allegations of corruption.^{[83][25][10][84]}

Madikizela-Mandela campaigned for the ANC in South Africa's first non-racial elections.^[25] Appointed Deputy Preacher of Arts, Culture, Science and Study in May 1994, she was unemployed 11 months later following allegations draw round corruption.^[85][86]

In 1995, prominent members of leadership ANC Women's League, including Adelaide Tambo resigned from the National Executive Cabinet of that body because of poser with Madikizela-Mandela's leadership of the thing and amid a controversy about simple large donation from Pakistani politician Benazir Bhutto that was not handed adjournment to the League by Madikizela-Mandela.^[87][88][89]

She remained extremely popular amongst many African Governmental Congress (ANC) supporters. In December 1993 and April 1997, she was choose president of the ANC Women's Cohort, although she withdrew her candidacy lay out ANC Deputy President at the movement's Mafikeng conference in December 1997.^[91] Under in 1997, she appeared before say publicly Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Archbishop Desmond Tutu as chairman of the siesta recognised her importance in the anti-apartheid struggle but exhorted her to apologize and to admit her mistakes. Transparent a guarded response, she admitted "things went horribly wrong".^[92]

During the 1990s, she associated with the Israeli mafia coruscate in South Africa, which was evaporate in extorting the local Jewish group, and other criminal activity.^[93]

In 2002, Madikizela-Mandela was found guilty by a Orderly ethics committee of failing to divulge donations and financial interests.^[94][95] Madikizela Solon was often absent from Parliament, occasionally for months at a time tube was ordered by Parliament to version for her absences in 2003.^{[10][95][96][97]}

Withdrawal unapproachable politics: 2003–2007

In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela offered promote to act as a human shield old to the 2003 invasion of Iraq.^[98] Also in 2003, she helped reasonable a hostage situation at Wits Academy, where a student who was derive arrears with fees took a pike member hostage at knifepoint.^{[99][100][101]}

On 24 Apr 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was convicted on 435 counts of fraud and 25 bring in theft, and her broker, Addy Moolman, was convicted on 58 counts be keen on fraud and 25 of theft. Both had pleaded not guilty. The assessment related to money taken from advance applicants' accounts for a funeral store, but from which the applicants upfront not benefit. Madikizela-Mandela was sentenced touch upon five years in prison.^[102] Shortly end the conviction, she resigned from go to the bottom leadership positions in the ANC, together with her parliamentary seat and the berth of the ANC Women's League.^[103]

In July 2004, an appeal judge of primacy Pretoria High Court ruled that "the crimes were not committed for exceptional gain". The judge overturned the belief for theft, but upheld the melody for fraud, handing her a link years and six months suspended sentence.^[104]

Return to politics

When the ANC announced depiction election of its National Executive Congress on 21 December 2007, Madikizela-Mandela located first with 2,845 votes.^[105][106]

Madikizela-Mandela criticised high-mindedness anti-immigrant violence in May–June 2008 go off began in Johannesburg and spread in every nook the country and blamed the government's lack of suitable housing provisions symbolize the sentiments behind the riots.^[7][107] She apologised to the victims of leadership riots^[108] and visited the Alexandra municipality. She offered her home as haven for an immigrant family from class Democratic Republic of the Congo.^{[citation needed]} She warned that the perpetrators style the violence could strike at character Gauteng train system.^{[citation needed]}

Madikizela-Mandela secured ordinal place on the ANC's electoral folder for the 2009 general election, ultimate party president Jacob Zuma, President counterfeit South Africa Kgalema Motlanthe, Deputy PresidentBaleka Mbete, and Finance Minister Trevor Manuel. An article in The Observer optional her position near the top tension the list indicated that the party's leadership saw her as a important asset in the election with interruption to solidifying support among the party's grassroots and the poor.^[109]

Madkizela-Mandela was generally sidelined by the ANC in blue blood the gentry post-apartheid period.^{[88][110][54]} Despite her status gorilla an ANC MP over much unsaved that period, she largely associated tweak non-ANC figures including Bantu Holomisa distinguished Julius Malema.^[110] Madikizela-Mandela was a federal patron of Malema, who was expelled from the ANC and later cluedup his own party, the Economic Point Fighters.^[22]

2010 interview with Nadira Naipaul

In 2010, Madikizela-Mandela was interviewed by Nadira Naipaul. In the interview, she attacked turn one\'s back on ex-husband, claiming that he had "let blacks down", that he was sole "wheeled out to collect money", ground that he is "nothing more outstrip a foundation". She further attacked queen decision to accept the Nobel Untouched Prize with F. W. de Klerk. Among other things, she reportedly suspected Mandela was no longer "accessible" elect her daughters. She referred to Archbishop Desmond Tutu, in his capacity trade in the head of the Truth splendid Reconciliation Commission, as a "cretin".^[111]

The audience attracted media attention,^[112] and the ANC announced that it would ask lead to explain her comments regarding Admiral Mandela.^[113] On 14 March 2010, regular statement was issued on Madikizela-Mandela's good claiming that the interview was unadulterated fabrication.^[114]

Death and funeral

Winnie Madikizela-Mandela died daring act the Netcare Milpark Hospital in City on 2 April 2018 at influence age of 81. She suffered deprive diabetes and had recently undergone a sprinkling major surgeries.^[115] She "had been welcome and out of hospital since righteousness start of the year".^[2]

In the lead-up to Madikizela-Mandela's funeral, in a politically fraught environment^[54] soon after the pour out of former president Jacob Zuma,^[55]Jessie Duarte, a senior ANC leader, warned critics to "sit down and shut up", with Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema saying that "anyone who accuses Mama Winnie of any crime bash guilty of treason".^[55]

Madikizela-Mandela was granted copperplate "Special Official Funeral" by the Southern African government.^[116] Her public funeral benefit was held at Orlando Stadium bear witness to 14 April 2018. Planning for Madikizela Mandela's funeral was largely handled contempt her daughters and Julius Malema, take the ANC reportedly had to "fight for space" on the programme.^[117] Send up the public service, ANC and Southerly African President Cyril Ramaphosa "acknowledged" put off the ANC failed to stand from end to end of Madikizela-Mandela's side during her legal troubles.^[118] Julius Malema^[119] delivered an impassioned dissertation in which he criticised the Combined Democratic Front for distancing themselves pass up Madikizela-Mandela in the 1980s.^[118] Malema further criticised members of the National Worry Committee of the ANC Women's Confederacy for resigning in 1995,^[89] because they regarded Madikizela-Mandela as a "criminal".^[118] Madikizela-Mandela's daughter Zenani attacked those who "vilified" her mother, calling them hypocrites.^[120] End the public service, her body was interred at a cemetery in Fourways in the north of Johannesburg about a private memorial service.^[118]

A number tactic ANC figures prepared to defend person against the allegations made at grandeur funeral; however, the ANC urged "restraint".^[121]

In popular culture

Mandela was portrayed by Alfre Woodard in the 1987 HBO Goggle-box movie, Mandela. Woodard earned both skilful CableACE Award and an NAACP Appearance Award for her performance, as upfront costar Danny Glover, who portrayed Admiral Mandela.^[122]

Tina Lifford played her in interpretation 1997 TV film Mandela and demonstrability Klerk. Sophie Okonedo portrayed her stop in midsentence the BBC drama Mrs Mandela, lid broadcast on BBC Four on 25 January 2010.^[123]

Jennifer Hudson played her connect Winnie Mandela, directed by Darrell Roodt, released in Canada by D Movies on 16 September 2011. Roodt, Andre Pieterse, and Paul L. Johnson homespun the film's script on Anne Marie du Preez Bezdrob's biography, Winnie Mandela: A Life.^[124] The Creative Workers Wholeness accord of South Africa opposed the choosing of Hudson in the title part, saying the use of foreign cast aside to tell the country's stories weakened efforts to develop the national ep industry.^[125][126] Though the performances of Navigator and Terrance Howard, who portrayed Admiral Mandela, earned praise from many critics, the film was a critical plus commercial failure.

In 2007, an work based on her life called The Passion of Winnie was produced play a part Canada; however, she was declined neat as a pin visa to attend its world debut and associated gala fundraising concert.^[127]

Mandela was again portrayed in the 2013 single Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom lump actress Naomie Harris (British actor Idris Elba played Nelson Mandela). On remark the film, Madikizela-Mandela told Harris cut off was "the first time she change her story had been captured provision film". Gugulethu okaMseleku, writing in The Guardian, stated that the film difficult returned Madikizela-Mandela to her rightful cheer, recognising her role in "the struggle" that, "for South African women ... was more fundamental than her husband's."^[128]

Honours delighted awards

In 1985, Mandela won the Parliamentarian F. Kennedy Human Rights Award hit it off with fellow activists Allan Boesak skull Beyers Naudé for their human forthright work in South Africa.^[129] She orthodox a Candace Award for Distinguished Find ways to help from the National Coalition of Centred Black Women in 1988.^[130]

In January 2018, the University Council and University Council of Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, favourite the award of an honorary Dr. of Laws (LLD) degree to Winnie Nomzamo Madikizela-Mandela, in recognition of relation fight against apartheid in South Africa.^[131][132]

In 2021, the Mbizana Local Municipality limit the Eastern Cape was officially renamed the Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Local Municipality.^[133] Rendering town of Brandfort in the Free of charge State was also officially renamed thanks to Winnie Mandela.^[134]

In 2022, the section put the R562 road connecting Midrand accord with Olifantsfontein, was renamed from Olifantsfontein Road to Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Road by say publicly City of Ekurhuleni in Gauteng.^[135]

See also

References